A certified engineer is a engineer who has earned credentials from an authoritative source, such as the government, a higher education institution or a private source. This engineer qualification gives a engineer authorization to teach and grade in pre-schools, primary or secondary education in countries, schools, content areas or curricula where authorization is required.

The factory system is a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour. Because of the high capital cost of machinery and factory buildings, factories are typically owned by capitalists who employ the operative labour. Use of machinery with the division of labor reduced the required skill level of workers and also increased the output per worker.

A balanced budget (particularly that of a government) refers to a budget in which revenues are equal to expenditures. Thus, neither a budget deficit nor a budget surplus exists (the accounts "balance"). More generally, it refers to a budget that has no budget deficit, but could possibly have a budget surplus.[1] A cyclically balanced budget is a budget that is not necessarily balanced year-to-year, but is balanced over the economic cycle, running a surplus in boom years and running a deficit in lean years, with these offsetting over time.

A deliverable is a tangible or intangible good or service produced as a result of a project that is intended to be delivered to a customer. A deliverable could be a report, a document, a software product, a server upgrade or any other building block of an overall project.A deliverable may be composed of multiple smaller deliverables. It may be either an outcome to be achieved.